Buster Benson constructed his own organization of Wikipedia's page on cognitive bias. Biases are sorted into four categories by the challenges they solve for us. site 
List of Cognitive Biases wikipedia
Cognitive Bias Codex 2016 poster
Benson provides his outline in a JSON tree. json
Problem 1. Too Much Information
Problem 2: Not enough meaning.
Problem 3: Need to act fast.
Problem 4: What should we remember?
# Upside 1. Information overload sucks, so we aggressively filter. Noise becomes signal. 2. Lack of meaning is confusing, so we fill in the gaps. Signal becomes a story. 3. Need to act fast lest we lose our chance, so we jump to conclusions. Stories become decisions. 4. This isn’t getting easier, so we try to remember the important bits. Decisions inform our mental models of the world.
# Downside 1. We don’t see everything. Some of the information we filter out is actually useful and important. 2. Our search for meaning can conjure illusions. We sometimes imagine details that were filled in by our assumptions, and construct meaning and stories that aren’t really there. 3. Quick decisions can be seriously flawed. Some of the quick reactions and decisions we jump to are unfair, self-serving, and counter-productive. 4. Our memory reinforces errors. Some of the stuff we remember for later just makes all of the above systems more biased, and more damaging to our thought processes.
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